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Objective To understand how Kubernetes HA is implemented, especially the stacked etcd topology. Kubernetes Control Plane HA Architecture Concepts In addition to three control plane nodes, HAProxy and Keepalived are the key components to implement Highly Available Kubernetes Control Plane. HAProxy Like Nginx, HAProxy is a popular open source TCP/HTTP Loadbalancer and Proxy solution. HAProxy balance the traffic among Kubernetes Control Plane nodes via Control Plane VIP. However, if a single HAProxy instance is deployed, Kubernetes Control Plane will become unavailable once the HAProxy failed....

This post will collect all articles related to Linux Performance Tuning. Objective To understand the performance tuning by going deeper and provide guidance to tune the performance of Kubernetes node. System Linux Performance Performance Tunning ArchLinux: Improving perfomance Linux Performance Tuning Low latency tuning guide Hadoop Tuning Guide for AMD EPYC Kafka Performance HPC Cluster Tuning on 3rd Gen Intel Xeon Processors Intel Extension for Pytorch CPU 3 tips for Linux process performance improvement with priority and affinity Memory Disk I/O Dealing with Memory and Disk I/O Filesystem Peformance Tuning for EXT4 Fast disk I/O with ext4 HOWTO EXT4 Filesystem Tuning Benchmarks PostgreSQL Filesystem Tuning BeeGFS: Tips for Storage Server Tuning Linux OS Tuning for MySQL Optimizing Your NFS Filesystem Linux kernel tuning for GlusterFS Linux disk performance tuning Intel: Tuning the performance of Intel SSD Networking Broadcom: TCP Performance Tuning SUSE: Tuning the network DPDK: Get best performance with Intel NIC Linux Performance Tuning Guide for Intel NIC Tuning 10Gb NICs highway to hell

Objective To understand which Kubernetes node a pod is running on. Overview Various applications can be deployed in a Kubernetes cluster: Linux system daemons, Kubernetes components, Kubernetes Addons and various Kubernetes workloads. To bind applications to a Kubernete node, there are two ways: Static Binding Dynamic Scheduling Static Binding Critical Linux system daemons such as systemd, chrony, Network Manager, kubelet, Container Runtimes are required to run on each node as standalone programs....

Objective To illustrate kubernetes cluster architecture and understand critical Kubernetes components. Cluster Architecture Control Plane Components Control Plane components run on one or mulptile control plane nodes. kube-apiserver kube-apiserver implements the Kubernetes API, and is designed to scale horizontally. kube-apiserver runs as a static pod or systemd daemon, configured using Pod specification or systemd unit and configuration file in /etc. etcd etcd is a consistent and highly-available key value store used for storing Kubernetes’ cluster data....

Objective To understand the Service concept in Kubernetes. Concepts The following concepts are critical to understand the Service API in Kubernetes. Service Service is an abstraction to expose groups of Pods over a newtwork. Pods are selected via Labels and Selectors. Each Service object defines a logic set of Endpoints or EndpointSlice by Kubernetes control plane automatically. There are 4 Services types: ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer and ExternalName. Refer this article for illustration....